Your Competition Isn’t Your Competitor

Have you ever taken a peek at a competitor’s offerings before? Perhaps you checked out their product pages, read their reviews, or tried out their chatbot. Maaaybe you’ve even asked a friend to use their email to grab a gated asset for you or clicked on a competitor’s PPC ad to give yourself a chuckle. (It can’t just be me, right?)

Competitor analysis is certainly an important part of business, however, it’s likely not super relevant for how your customers actively compare you to others.

Your Customer Experience Competition

Your customers most often compare you to their best brand experiences, not to your competitors. Customer interactions with your brand happen through an intertwingled relationship with their environment, their expertise (or lack thereof), and the plethora of other products and services they encounter simultaneously. Additional inseparable elements of any interaction include their expectations, their level of effort, and any friction they encounter.

Reality check: Your brand is a tiny dot in their ‘ecosystem’ circle. Fortunately, you have ample opportunity to improve your customer experience by embracing their point of view.

Customer’s Product & Service Ecosystem

Let’s take a look at a seemingly simple example.

At the end of a long day or week, I may want to relax in comfy clothes in front of the TV, enjoy a snack and tea, cuddle with my dog, and order takeout for dinner. Ideally, I found time earlier to dust the TV and vacuum up the dog hair. Fairly straight-forward, right?

If we look at the same scenario from a brand perspective, things appear much more complex. I’ve engaged with 30+ brands across countless interactions just to be comfortably sedentary. And this depiction is conservative compared to the full scope of what’s actually involved!

Takeaway question: Each time your customers engage with your brand, what does their product and service ecosystem look like?

Customer’s Expertise

Your customer’s ability to get the value they seek from your brand is incredibly variable. It ranges across factors such as their experience with similar functions, learning style, time management, and more. Their reliability to refill any necessary supplies could even be a factor. (Ever taken batteries from one remote to use in another? Me neither.)

Takeaway question: Each time your customers engage with your brand, what skills and dependencies do they rely on?

Customer’s Environment

Your customer’s environment adds further dimension and variability to interactions with your brand. The weather, day of the week or time of day, where they live, stress, sleep or hunger status, health status, family or neighbors or any of the people in their life, pets, plants, work or entertainment mode. The list goes on.

Takeaway question: Each time your customers engage with your brand, who or what in their environment is influencing what they’re trying to accomplish?

Intersections of Opportunity

When your customer’s ecosystem, expertise, and environment overlap, additional elements come into play. These intersections are your greatest opportunity to influence your customer experience beyond that tiny-dot-reality-check mentioned above.

Friction

When your customers encounter issues, are they offered quick and intuitive options? Empower them with self-service or, ideally, proactive resolutions. Remember that friction may be a result of factors that have little to do with your product or service.

When  my UberEATS delivery is missing an item, I can report it and get a refund with just a few taps in the app. I don’t even have to describe my issue because the necessary prompts are already there when I seek help. When my HBO app times out, I get a generic error with no indication if it’s an issue with the app or my wifi. From experience, I know it could be either. I have to leave the room to check my router status before I know the best next step.

Aim to be the brand that, among many, stands out as the most helpful when things go wrong.

Expectations

Customer expectations are one of the few things in life you can be sure will consistently trend up and to the right. While it’s not necessary to create customer delight, it is essential to enable your customers to achieve their desired outcomes in ways they expect. Personalization and automation are becoming the norm.

The Philips Hue Smart Bulb in my bedroom lamp automatically turns on at sunset, so I don’t walk into a dark room after making dinner. I don’t even have to know when sunset shifts throughout the year because the app knows that for me! I also set the light to fade out around 9:30 pm, so when I’m tempted to play the next episode (yes, Netflix, I’m still watching!,) I know it’s getting late without having to check the time.

Explore how interactions with your brand can further assist customers in their journey, which goes well beyond your product or service.

Effort

Do not underestimate the cognitive load that your customers endure to manage their interaction with your product or service, along with everything else. They are juggling the task (or multi-tasks) at hand, their larger goals, and responsibilities to others.

I have a recurring order for protein powder, but the interval I need to reorder often changes due to travel or fluctuations in my eating habits. This brand always notifies me before a shipment and offers intuitive, granular control to change the schedule within a few taps. A health supplement brand I subscribed to made it more difficult to adjust. In fact, at one point I actually delayed an order and was unpleasantly surprised to see a shipment notification the next day. I can only assume there was an extra confirmation step I didn’t complete. The protein powder and supplement brand don’t have overlapping products so they are not competitors, but you can guess where I’m no longer a customer.

Make things as easy as possible. Once again, that means minimize effort to use your product or service and identify how your brand can lower the effort that customers expend towards their wider goals.

Your Action Items

Use the takeaway questions above to gain a fuller picture of your customer’s point of view. Then identify how you can reduce friction, meet ever-increasing expectations, and lower effort for your customers. Emerging and technology-enabled products or services are a great place to look for inspiration.

Become dedicated to framing things from your customer perspective, with their wider context and day-to-day life included.

Finally, please share examples of good customer experience in the comments to inspire others!

Introducing Cross-Functional Customer Experience

I’ve been trying to decide on a new “label” for my career focus. For many years now, I’ve been inching away from my Technical Writer roles. After starting a new dream job in July 2021, technical writing isn’t even a bullet in my job description for the first time in my career.

So I pondered my career journey…

A former Technical Writer with an ongoing focus on Knowledge Management (mostly via Support functions and Knowledge-Centered Service methodology), a heavy dash of Customer Success Enablement and passion for all things content, lots of collaboration with Product and Product Marketing, currently responsible for Customer (Member, in my org) Engagement.

It’s a bunch of disciplines without a tidy name. The common thread is making cross functional connections to mitigate internal gaps all in service of improving  Customer Experience.

And I settled on…

***Cross-Functional Customer Experience***

I’m going to try it on for a bit.

A List of Content Disciplines

Originally published 11 August 2020 on meaningfulcontent.io

What are *all* the disciplines that either plan, support, or deliver content?

I posed this question to the internet (via LinkedIn + Twitter) and, naturally, content professionals showed up with 250+ contributions!

Input from 79 people resulted in 257 total suggestions.

While there could be many ways to organize this list, I see a 3-level classification:

  1. Primary content disciplines that focus on methodology, delivery, and evolution of content itself.
  2. Secondary content disciplines that create content as a significant byproduct of their work.
  3. Tertiary content disciplines that are enabled by content.

I’ve grouped the suggested disciplines together with synonyms and similar functions.

Primary content disciplines

  • Content Design
  • Content Development
  • Content Engineering
  • Content Management
    • Content Inventory
    • Content Lead
    • Editorial
  • Content Modeling
  • Content Operations
    • Content Delivery
  • Content Strategy
    • Copywriting
    • Creative Writing
    • Editing
    • Copyediting
    • Proofreaders
    • Peer Reviewers
  • Governance
    • Quality Control
    • Audits
  • Information Architecture
  • Information Design
    • Information Development
  • Information Science
  • Journalism
  • Knowledge Management
  • Linguistics
  • Localization and Translation
  • Poetry
  • Social Media Management
  • Taxonomy Design
  • Technical Communication
    • Documentation
    • Scientific Writing/Medical Writing
    • Technical Writing
    • Technical Editing
    • Technical Illustration
    • User Assistance Development
  • UI Design
    • Interface Design
    • Interaction Design
  • UX Design
  • UX Writing

Secondary content disciplines

  • Academia
    • Lecturers
  • Brand Management
    • Brand Strategy / Brand Steward
    • Creative Development
    • Editorial
  • Community Management
  • Content Curation
  • Content Marketing
  • Conversation Design
  • Chatbot Design / Chatbot Developers
  • Customer Experience
    • Journey Mapping
  • Customer Success
    • Client Relationship Managers
    • Customer Education
  • Digital Asset Management
  • Instructional Design and Training
    • Courseware / Curriculum Development
    • Customer Education
    • elearning
    • Learning and Development
    • Learning Experience Design
  • Information Technology (IT)
  • Marketing
    • Email Marketing
    • Campaign Management
    • Media Planning and Buying
  • Needs Analysis
  • Patent Docs
  • Philosophy
  • Public Relations (PR)
    • Corporate Affairs
    • Corporate Communications
  • Producer
  • Product Development
  • Product Management
  • Product Marketing
    • Competitive Analysis
    • Go-To-Market
  • Project Management
  • Proposal Management
  • Requirements Engineering
  • Research and Development
  • Sales Enablement
    • Sales Support
    • Sales/Presales Engineers
  • Science
    • Clinical Scientists
  • Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
    • Technical SEO
  • Social Listening
  • Specifications
    • Standards Organization
  • Support
    • Customer Service
    • Technical Support
    • Support Engineers
  • Systems Engineering
  • Usability
    • Usability Testing
    • User Research
  • User Experience
    • User Engagement
    • User Analysis/Research

Tertiary content disciplines

  • Aggregators
  • Business Strategy
    • Business Development
    • Consumer Insights
    • Digital Analysts
  • Compliance
    • Legal
  • Contract Management
  • Engineering
    • Developers
    • Developer Advocate / Developer Relations
    • Software Development
  • Field Service
  • Financial Reporting
  • History
  • HR
  • Library Science
    • Archives
  • Network and Security Systems
    • Cybersecurity
    • Security
  • Process Improvement
  • Quality Assurance (QA)
    • Testing
  • Sales
    • Bid Writers

Dimensions of content

I’ve organized some suggestions as extra layers or dimensions that can apply to content functions at any level.

Multimedia or format specialties

  • Animators / Cartoonists
  • Artists
  • Audio Production
  • Creatives
  • Data Visualization
  • Graphic Design / Computer Aided Design
  • Multimedia / Transmedia Production
  • Photography
  • Video
    • Film Making / Motion Graphics
    • Videography
    • Video Editor
  • Visual Communication

Content lifecycle

  • Drafting
  • Proofreading / Sub-Editing

Operational functions

  • Collaboration
  • Data Science / Analytics
  • Subject Matter Experts (SMEs)

Outputs

  • Blogs
  • Human Dialogue
  • Presentions
  • Printing / Publishing
  • Web Publishing

Inputs

  • Customers!
Crowdsourced suggestions of disciplines that either plan, support, or deliver content

Does it matter how we organize this list?

My key takeaway from organizing this list actually has nothing to do with how I organized it. What stands out to me is how content disciplines have become embedded across a majority of business functions.

We can unlock valuable opportunities by exploring how particular functions may be more mature with certain methods. What if we took the most successful tactics from each discipline and applied them as cross-functional best practices?

My Layoff Recovery in the Time of COVID-19

Well so far 2020 has been … a year.

Along with personal losses and global turmoil, I experienced my first professional layoff. I feel oddly fortunate that my first time being laid off occurred with ~40 million others. I was knocked off course but certainly not alone!

Connection to others is the hero of my career journey the past few months. It’s a story that I conveniently captured in a series of LinkedIn posts.

The end of the before times

My company (at the time) transitioned to fully remote by March 15. It was a bit sooner than other companies, but it was obvious where things were heading and the major remote transitions happened soon after.

Although we all had a lot to be uncertain about in the world, my job security seemed intact!

Aww look at me beaming with naive confidence before I knew better. It didn’t last long.

Have you ever seen a more fitting use of the torn edge effect on a screenshot? Perhaps my naive confidence hasn’t dissipated entirely because that’s clearly a rhetorical question.

A different kind of work continued

I admit that I was stunned. It may seem surprising, now, that I was surprised. But this happened at the end of March when layoffs still seemed like an avoidable tidal wave rather than an all-encompassing tsunami.

After I briefly processed my shock, I dusted myself off and got after it. What is it? I can’t say that I had a particularly detailed job search plan. But I knew I wanted inertia to work in my favor and that network connections helped me score new jobs in the past. So I kept myself engaged in professional endeavors and sought to diversify my energy, not knowing exactly what would happen next.

I kept plugging away. Behind the scenes, I had many conversations and some interviews for potential jobs. I stayed active on LinkedIn with frequent posts and comments about my professional interests as well as some adjacent topics.

It’s amazing what you have a chance to observe when you have a little extra free time.

The pandemic struck again when my Nana passed away from COVID-19 on April 15.

I added Zoom Funeral to my list of new experiences in 2020.

My network was working overtime

I cannot begin to quantify the value I received from others. I’m still in awe of how professional connections showed up in my life. My network, mostly unaware of my personal losses, graced me with messages, recommendations, complimentary access to paid resources, collaboration opportunities, and referrals.

A successful rebound

I was laid off on March 24. Thanks to a fitting referral, I signed my new offer letter on May 19 for a better version of the job I had before and with a growing company.

I am lucky and grateful and I want to be transparent that I HUSTLED during those 2 months. While I’m not in favor of how hustle culture has been glamorized in recent years, searching for a new job during a global recession calls for hustle.

To celebrate my new (non-state-sponsored) paycheck, I invited goats to join a virtual happy hour!

The pendulum keeps swinging

No 2020 story should be told without acknowledging the tipping point against systemic racism.

I started my new job on May 26, one day after George Floyd was murdered by a Minneapolis Police Officer. As I ramped up at work, so did the protests across the country and around the world.

I was raised to not be racist. Now I’m learning how to be antiracist.

I’m fortunate to have a job that’s a step up in my career and with a company that actively encourages us to be better citizens.

On June 8, we celebrated my Mom’s birthday without her for the first time. I cannot overstate her positive influence. It is extra gutting that all of this has occurred during my first 6 months without her and it is extra apparent how lucky I am because of her.

What’s next? It would be foolish to try to guess at this point. In the meantime, we must work together to progress through the pandemic, eradicate systemic racism, and seek balance with gratitude.

For a lighthearted escape, I recommend Floor is Lava on Netflix. As long as you ignore how the concept is an uncanny metaphor for 2020, it’s quite fun to watch!

STC Summit 2020 Takeaways

I’m glad to be attending and presenting at the annual STC Summit again! Background image credit to Liz Fraley.

The virtual elephant in the Zoom room

Rule #1: Don’t say the P word.

We’re all getting used to many virtual adjustments and #STC20 is no exception. The Sunday evening orientation session was an excellent ice breaker to connect with other attendees and get acquainted with the virtual conference platform.

A theme highlighted during orientation is that being flexible to a new conference format is synonymous with how our work evolves. We should embrace it! Bonus: change creates opportunities to make the most of new possibilities in the form of live blues music.

Complementary skills and business acumen

A standout theme I noticed during day 1 was not specific to technical content—in a good way.

There was a focus on raising awareness around possibilities, as well as limitations to overcome, for us to become better professionals. For example:

  • The impact of bias. We should all be aware of our implicit and unconscious blindspots and intentionally shift our behavior to mitigate biases that hinder our judgement.
  • The importance of SEO. Search Engine Optimization continues to be important for our personal online presence and our content effectiveness. Data shows that search engines like Google (or YouTube) are the top channel that customers seek information and smart speakers only respond with the #1 search result for any given question.
  • The opportunity to shape your story. This was highlighted in the opening and closing keynotes and another session about personal branding. Dream big and focus on valuable outcomes for yourself and others that your work impacts.

As Jack Molisani shared, visionary companies (and successful professionals) respond to market changes while staying true to core values. We need to constantly learn, unlearn, and re-learn.

Our content enables customer value

If our content continues to focus on features and functionality, then we are limiting the trajectory of our careers and the value of our work.

Proper customer empathy means considering their value and JTBD (jobs to be done). Hint: the job they have to do is NOT use your product or service!

We need to constantly practice and re-learn how to adjust our perspective to customer context and their ROI.

The technical stuff

Of course, there were plenty of sessions on the tactics and methods we need to create and improve technical content.

Training and instructional design. Our work has logical overlap with learning and development functions. A few sessions shared great insight about how to engage learners and how to create effective training materials. One of them was cat themed and no one was mad about that. Unsurprisingly, sessions about training highlighted user perspective and what’s best for the folks who need to learn.

Ontology and taxonomy. Classifying content properly, whether it’s structured or not, is essential for both internal and external functions. As content delivery becomes more complex, classification becomes more important.

Natural Language Processing (NLP). Playing with the Watson Natural Language Understanding demo is a fantastic why to get more familiar with the capabilities and potential.

Screenshot from Nicky Bleiel‘s presentation

Artificial Intelligence. Buzzword much? For good reason! The combination of AI and humans (yes, we still need to be involved) unlocks exciting potential. AI needs our content. And we need to augment and train AI to do what we need.

Conversational user interfaces. Is your content ready for our new reality of chatbots and smart speakers? Many sessions provided guidance for us to keep up.

Screenshot from Alan Houser‘s presentation

Help STC help you

STC provides opportunities for career growth far beyond the Summit. Education sessions included chances to interact with the STC Board and Editors of STC publications, plus sessions about mentorship and volunteering. It’s no surprise that our community strives to share our knowledge and time to further each other’s careers!

Joining the board, volunteering with communities, contributing to publications, and practicing mentorship are all excellent ways to advance professionally—often in ways that are difficult (or unavailable!) to replicate during our regular jobs.

Check out the Intercom Editorial Calendar for submission guidance!


How the Writing in Technical Writing Should Evolve

Technical Writers are responsible for effectively communicating information for a particular purpose. The output should be clear, concise, and consistent. Above all else, Technical Writers know they must create content that meets their audience needs.

Today, technical writing must account for two driving forces that impact consumer context:

  1. The subscription economy – Consumers have more choice and control in their purchasing decisions. Content has become a business-critical aspect of positive customer experience throughout the customer lifecycle, including customer acquisition, onboarding, and retention.
  2. New types of interactions – Consumers engage with content across increasingly diverse user interfaces. Scalable content must accommodate omnichannel experiences that satisfy customer expectations for the device(s) they are using.

Things to do more

To support our audience’s new context for how they consume information, we need to go beyond effective documentation. Successful technical communication contributes to decreased customer effort and increased customer value realization.

Technical Writers should:

  • Understand user intent and needs. Orient your perspective based on user needs, rather than product functionality. Research published by Google details “six canonical consumer needs: Surprise Me, Help Me, Reassure Me, Educate Me, Impress Me, and Thrill Me. Each need state is made up of a combination of emotional, social, and functional needs.” 
  • Use their words. Improve findability for both search and embedded content interactions with word choices that are meaningful to your users. Leverage search logs, customer feedback channels, or Knowledge-Centered Service (KCS) methodology to operationalize how you incorporate relevant language.
  • Align to their priorities. Customers expect the knowledge they are seeking at the time and place they are looking for it. Organize information for efficient interactions (consider the inverted pyramid journalism technique) and adjust workflows to enable publishing as close to real-time as possible.
  • Incorporate content analytics for ongoing data-driven optimization. First, content must be measurable (web-based) and atomized to enable useful data collection. Then, connect content interactions to positive or negative outcomes to measure success and find actionable insights to improve.

Things to do less

To support extensibility across divergent modalities, technical content must be as adaptable as possible. Delivery mechanisms may be unable to support particular media types, layouts, or other dependencies. Writing that is flexible enough for various types of interactions and user interfaces may need to discontinue approaches that used to suffice.

Technical Writers should try to avoid:

  • Mentally coupling content with format. Instead, create scalable technical content that is flexible enough to be effective without format dependencies. Try to let go of associations to manuals, documents, or any particular deliverable output. Think about content as ‘knowledge objects’ that more closely resemble database objects. DITA is a method to create format-free content, but DITA only has positive ROI for particular use cases. Practice distilling the content (message or information) from format (media or publishing method).
Image credit: Stéphanie Walter
  • References to order of operations or context that could change. Instead, strive to author the smallest snippets possible that can live independently from each other. You may be surprised how often technical writing includes linear or deliverable references. Verbiage examples include: above/below, previous/next, article/page, document/guide.
  • Subjective or relative phrases. Instead, because content interactions occur across a wider scope of the customer journey, do not assume context in technical content. Avoid delineating based on arbitrary levels of competency (beginner/advanced) or complexity (easy/difficult) that can vary based on expectations or experience. Avoid relative time or location references that can be interpreted differently based on perspective (usual, regular, often, occasional, fast, slow). Rewrite to either avoid relative words or be more specific.
  • Words or constructions that hinder translation quality. Instead, assume that any content is available to a global audience. Write in a way that reduces human translation costs and enables more accurate machine translation. Follow the Mailchimp Content Style Guide for Writing for Translation.

Customer-focused delivery

Of course, not all of these recommendations are fully achievable 100% of the time.

Compliance requirements may dictate particular delivery formats that are not measurable. Your customer’s word choice could include subjective or relative phrases. Some jargon that doesn’t translate well may be necessary in your industry. Branding, product functionality, resource limitations, or cuz-your-boss-said-so could all limit your choices.

Use your experience and cross-functional collaboration to do the next best thing you can to continually evolve your content closer to your audience needs. Create content that is as meaningful and relevant as possible for YOUR users.


Cheers to Ellis Pratt of Cherryleaf for his collaboration on this topic. Listen to us chat on the Cherryleaf Podcast!